What Is Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)?

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease. It affects the central part of the retina called the macula. This is the part of the eye that controls your central, detailed vision. AMD is the leading cause of vision loss in adults over age 50. It almost always affects both eyes. The macula becomes damaged. Central vision becomes limited. But side (peripheral) vision stays clear. There are 2 types of AMD: dry and wet.

Three quarter view of cross-sectioned eye with callout showing closeup of macula.

Dry AMD

Dry is the most common type of AMD. In the early stages, changes in vision may be hard to notice. Over time, your central vision may slowly worsen. You may see wavy lines and blank spots in the center of your vision. Colors may look dim. There is no way to restore vision lost from dry AMD. But it's important to closely watch the condition. It can progress into wet AMD.

Dry macular degeneration.

Wet AMD

Wet AMD is less common but more serious. Vision loss may be faster and more noticeable. You may suddenly see dark spots, blank spots, wavy lines, and dim colors in the center of your vision. It's important to find wet AMD early. Then certain treatments may help to slow further vision loss or even improve vision. These treatments include injections, photodynamic therapy, and laser surgery.